Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 ('sarge'), PowerPC·¢²¼ËµÃ÷ ----------------------------------------------- Josip Rodin, Bob Hilliard, Adam Di Carlo, Anne Bezemer, Rob Bradford (current), Frans Pop (current) $Id: release-notes.zh_CN.sgml,v 1.9 2005/06/08 05:49:47 liling Exp $ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ŀ¼ ---- 1. ¹ØÓÚеġ¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡· 2. Debian GNU/Linux 3.1µÄÐÂÌØÐÔ 2.1. еķ¢Ðаæ 2.1.1. debian-volatileзþÎñ 2.1.2. non-US±»·ÏÆú 2.2. Ðµİ²×°ÏµÍ³ 3. ȫа²×° 3.1. °üÊÜ»¶Ó­¶ÈÅÅÃû 4. ´Ó¾É·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶ 4.1. ×¼±¸Éý¼¶ 4.2. ¼ì²éϵͳ״̬ 4.2.1. ½ûÓÃAPT pinning(APTµÄÒ»ÖÖÓÃÓÚ°²×°Ìض¨°æ±¾Èí¼þ°üµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡ª¡ªÒëÕß) 4.2.2. ¼ì²éÈí¼þ°ü״̬ 4.2.3. ·Ç¹Ù·½Ô´Óëbackports£¨backportsΪDebianÌṩ ²»ÐèÒª·ÇStableÁ´½Ó¿â¾Í¿ÉÔÚStable°æÔ ËÐеÄÐÂÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÓÐЧµØÃÖ²¹ÁËDebian Stable°æÈí¼þ½Ï¾ÉµÄȱµã£­£­ÒëÕߣ© 4.3. ×¼±¸APTÔ´ 4.3.1. Ìí¼ÓInternet APTÔ´ 4.3.2. Ìí¼Ó±¾µØAPTÔ´ 4.3.3. Ìí¼ÓCD-ROM»òDVD APTÔ´ 4.4. Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü 4.4.1. ¸üаüÁбí 4.4.2. Éý¼¶aptitude 4.4.3. Éý¼¶doc-base 4.4.4. Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³µÄÆäËü²¿·Ö 4.4.5. Éý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ 4.5. ÖØÆôǰµÄÈÎÎñ 4.5.1. Éý¼¶ÄÚºË 4.6. ·ÏÆúµÄÈí¼þ°ü 4.6.1. Dummy°ü 5. ÔÚsargeÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ 5.1. PythonÈí¼þ°üµÄ±ä»¯ 5.2. Éý¼¶µ½2.6ÄÚºË 5.2.1. ¼üÅÌÅäÖà 5.2.2. Êó±êÅäÖà 5.2.3. ÉùÒôÅäÖà 5.2.4. Éý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˿ÉÄÜ»áÆôÓÃudev 6. ÓйØDebian GNU/LinuxµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢ 6.1. ½øÒ»²½ÔĶÁ 6.2. »ñµÃ°ïÖú 6.2.1. ÓʼþÁбí 6.2.2. IRC 6.3. ±¨¸æbug 6.4. ΪDebian×ö¹±Ï× A. ¹ÜÀíwoodyϵͳ A.1. Éý¼¶woodyϵͳ A.2. °²×°woodyµÄaptitude A.3. ¼ì²éÔ´Áбí ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. ¹ØÓÚеġ¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡· ----------------------- [Èç¹ûÄúµÄ°æ±¾ÒѾ­ÓÐÒ»¸ö¶àÔÂÁË£¬Äú¿ÉÔÚhttp://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotesÏÂÔØ×îа档] Çë×¢Òâ¾ÉµÄ¡¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡·ÌÖÂÛ´Ówoody֮ǰµÄ·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶¡£¿ÉÊÇÕâЩÐÅÏ¢ÍùÍùʹ±¾ËµÃ÷¸´ÔÓ»¯£¬ËùÒÔÔÚеġ¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡·ÖÐÎÒÃÇÖ»ÌÖÂÛ´ÓDebian GNU/Linux 3.0('woody')Éý¼¶¡£Èç¹ûÄúÐèÒª´Ó¸üÀϵÄDebian·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶£¬ÇëÔĶÁ¾ÉµÄ¡¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡·¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Debian GNU/Linux 3.1µÄÐÂÌØÐÔ ------------------------------- Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 ('sarge')ÓëDebian GNU/Linux 3.0 ('woody')Ö§³ÖµÄϵͳ¼Ü¹¹±£³ÖÒ»Ö¡£ÒÔÏÂÊDZ¾Debian·¢ÐаæÖ§³ÖµÄϵͳ¼Ü¹¹µÄÍêÕûÁбí: * Intel x86 ('i386') * Motorola 680x0 ('m68k') * Alpha ('alpha') * SPARC ('sparc') * PowerPC ('powerpc') * ARM ('arm') * MIPS ('mips' (Big endian) and 'mipsel' (Little endian)) * Intel Itanium ('ia64') * HP PA-RISC ('hppa') * S/390 ('s390') Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚDebianÏµÍ³ÒÆÖ²Ò³ (http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/)ÔĶÁ¸ü¶àµÄÏµÍ³ÒÆÖ²ÐÅÏ¢¡£ PowerPCÉϵÄDebian GNU/Linux 3.1 ʹÓÃ2.6.8Äںˡ£ ÔÚPowerPCÉÏÒ²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ2.6.8Äںˡ£×¢ÒâDebianµÄ2.6.8ÄÚºËÈí¼þ°üº¬ÓÐ2.6.8.1Äں˺ÍһЩ²¹¶¡¡£ 2.1. еķ¢Ðаæ --------------- аæDebian±È¾ÉµÄwoodyÓµÓиü¶àµÄÈí¼þ£»Ð°æ°üº¬9000¶à¸öÐÂÈí¼þ°ü¡£´ó¶àÊý£­£­½«½ü6500¸öÈí¼þ°ü(Õ¼woodyµÄ73%)£­£­µÄÈí¼þ±»Éý¼¶¡£ÁíÍ⣬Ðí¶àÈí¼þ°üÓÉÓÚijЩԭÒò±»´Ó·¢ÐаæÖÐÒÆ³ý£¬²»»á½øÐÐÈκθüУ¬ËüÃÇÔÚ°ü¹ÜÀí³ÌÐòÖб»×¢ÒÔ'obsolete'¡£ ±¾°æµÄDebian GNU/Linux°üÀ¨·Ç³£³öÉ«µÄXFree86 4.3£¬ËüÌṩ¶Ô¸ü¹ã·ºµÄÓ²¼þÖ§³Ö¡¢¸üºÃµÄ×Ô¶¯¼ì²â¹¦ÄÜ¡¢¸ü¸ß¼¶µÄ¼¼ÊõÈçXineramaºÍ3D¼ÓËÙÖ§³Ö¡£ ±¾°æµÄDebian GNU/Linux±ÈÒÔǰ¸ü¼Ó×ÀÃæ»¯ÁË£¬ËüÏÖÔÚÌṩGNOME 2.8ºÍKDE 3.3¡£¶øÇÒÊ×´ÎÌṩOpenOffice.orgÍêÕû°ì¹«Ì×¼þÒÔ¼°Evolution group softwareÓëGAIM¼´Ê±ÏûÏ¢¿Í»§¶Ë¡£ sargeµÄ`aptitude'ÊǸüÓÅÐãµÄ×Ö·û½çÃæ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ¡£ËüÔÚ°üÒÀÀµÎÊÌâ½â¾öÉϱÈ`apt-get'¸üÇ¿´ó¡£`aptitude'Ö§³Ö´ó¶àÊý`apt-get'µÄÃüÁîÐвÙ×÷¡£Èç¹ûÄúÈÔÔÚʹÓÃ`dselect'£¬¾ÍÓ¦ÊÔÊÔ`aptitude'À´¹ÜÀíÈí¼þ°ü¡£ ¹Ù·½Debian GNU/Linux·¢Ðаæ°üÀ¨13ÖÁ15ÕÅ(È¡¾öÓÚϵͳ¼Ü¹¹)binary CD(º¬ÓбàÒëºóµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)ºÍÊ®¼¸ÕÅsource CD(º¬ÓÐδ±àÒëµÄÔ­´úÂ롪¡ªÒëÕß)£¬ÏÖÔÚÒ²¿ÉÒÔʹÓõ¥ÕÅDVD¡£ 2.1.1. debian-volatileзþÎñ ---------------------------- _debian-volatile_ÔÊÐíÓû§ÇáËÉÉý¼¶¾­³£¸üеÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ÀýÈ粡¶¾É¨ÃèÈí¼þÇ©ÃûÁбí»òspamÂ˾µÑùʽ¼¯¡£¹ÜÀíÔ±¿ÉÒÔÏñ"security.debian.org"Ò»Ñù·½±ãµØÊ¹ÓÃ"volatile.debian.net"£¬½ÓÊÜ×îÐÂÐÅÏ¢£¬±ÜÃâά»¤»ùÓÚδ¸üÐÂÈí¼þϵͳµÄÓÇÂǺͷçÏÕ¡£Çë²é¿´volatile.debian.net (http://volatile.debian.net/)À´»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¼°¾µÏñÁÐ±í¡£ ×¢Òâdebian-volatile_²»ÊÇ_¹Ù·½Debian·þÎñ¡£Çë×Ô¼º±æ±ð¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñʹÓÃËü¡£ 2.1.2. non-US±»·ÏÆú ------------------- ´ÓǰÔÚnon-US²¿·ÖµÄÈí¼þ°üÔÚsargeÖÐÒѱ»ÒƽøÆÕͨ°üÁÐ±í¡£Èç¹û`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖÐÓÐÖ¸Ïò"non-us"µÄÐУ¬ÄúÓ¦ÒÆ³ýËüÃÇ¡£ 2.2. Ðµİ²×°ÏµÍ³ ----------------- ¾ÉµÄDebian GNU/Linux°²×°ÏµÍ³Òѱ»È«ÐµÄdebian-installerÈ¡´ú¡£Ðµİ²×°ÏµÍ³²ÉÓÃÄ£¿é»¯Éè¼Æ£¬ÔÚÀ©Õ¹ÐÔÀíÄîÏ¿ª·¢¡£ËüÒѾ­±»ÍêÕû·­ÒëΪ½ü40ÖÖÓïÑÔ£» ÆäËüÓïÑԵķ­Ò빤×÷ÈÔÔÚ¼ÌÐø£¬²¢½«»á±»Ìí¼Óµ½sargeÖС£ °²×°ÏµÍ³µÄй¦ÄܰüÀ¨¸üÓÐЧµÄÓ²¼þ¼ì²â¡¢¿É´ÓUÅÌÆô¶¯¡¢×î³õ¿ÉÑ¡ÓÃ`aptitude'À´°²×°Èí¼þ°ü¡¢`XFS'·ÖÇø¸ñʽ֧³Ö¡¢`RAID'ºÍ`LVM'(Ò»ÖÖ¾í¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß)Ö§³ÖµÈµÈ¡£ ½¨ÒéÓû§ÔĶÁÔÚµÚÒ»ÕŰ²×°CD»ò·¢²¼Ò³ (http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual)Éϵġ¶°²×°ÊֲᡷÀ´ÉîÈëÁ˽âа²×°ÏµÍ³¡£¡¶°²×°ÊֲᡷÒѾ­±»ÍêÕû·­ÒëΪ8ÖÖÓïÑÔ²¢ÇÒÕýÔÚ±»·­Òë³É¸ü¶àÖÖÓïÑÔ¡£ÆäËüÓïÑÔ°æ±¾½«ÔÚÍê³Éºó±»·ÅÔÚÍøÕ¾ÉÏ¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. ȫа²×° ----------- Ô­ÓеÄ`boot-floppies'°²×°ÏµÍ³Òѱ»È«Ð¸üÇ¿´óµÄÄ£¿é»¯`debian-installer'È¡´ú¡£ Ðµİ²×°³ÌÐòÌṩ¶àÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½¡£¾ßÌå¿ÉÓõݲװ·½Ê½È¡¾öÓÚÄúµÄϵͳ¼Ü¹¹¡£ Èç¹ûҪȫа²×°Debian£¬ÇëÔĶÁ¹Ù·½CDÉ쵀 /doc/install/manual//index.html »òInternetÉϵÄsarge °²×°ÊÖ²á (http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual)ÒÔ¼°debian-installerµÄerrata (http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/index#errata)¡£ °²×°ÏµÍ³ÔÚPowerPCÉÏȱʡʹÓÃ2.6ϵÁеÄÄںˡ£ 3.1. °üÊÜ»¶Ó­¶ÈÅÅÃû ------------------- ÓÉÓÚ¼¼Êõ·½ÃæµÄÔ­Òò£¬sargeÖв»ÔÙȱʡ°²×°`popularity-contest'¡£Î´À´°æ±¾½«»á¾ÀÕýÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£ `popularity-contest'ÏòDebianÏîÄ¿ÌṩÔÚ·¢ÐаæÖб»Ê¹ÓõÄÈí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢¡£ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢Ö÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ¾ö¶¨Èí¼þ°üÔÚ°²×°CD-ROMÉϵÄ˳Ðò£¬Ò²Ê±³£±»¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓÃÓÚ¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñ¼ÌÐøÊ¹ÓÃȱÉÙά»¤ÕßµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ ´Ó`popularity-contest'µÃµ½µÄÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÄäÃûµÄ¡£¸ÐлÄú°²×°`popularity-contest'²¢ÔÊÐíËü²ÎÓë¹Ù·½µ÷²é;Äú¾ÍÔÚ°ïÖúÎÒÃÇÓÅ»¯Debian¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. ´Ó¾É·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶ ----------------- 4.1. ×¼±¸Éý¼¶ ------------- ÔÚÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°£¬Ç¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÄúÍêÕû±¸·Ýϵͳ»òÖÁÉÙ±¸·ÝÖØÒªÊý¾ÝºÍÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£Éý¼¶¹¤¾ßºÍ½ø³Ì·Ç³£¿É¿¿£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚ°²×°¹ý³ÌÖеÄÓ²¼þ´íÎó»áµ¼ÖÂϵͳÑÏÖØË𻵡£ ÄúÐèÒª±¸·ÝµÄÖ÷Òª²¿·ÝÊÇ/etcºÍ/var/lib/dpkgÖеÄÄÚÈÝÒÔ¼°dpkg --get-selections "*"£¨´Ë´¦Ë«ÒýºÅ²»¿ÉºöÂÔ£©µÄÊä³öÐÅÏ¢¡£ Éý¼¶¹ý³Ì²¢»áÐÞ¸Ä`/home'Ŀ¼ÖеÄÎļþ¡£²»¹ý£¬Ò»Ð©Ó¦ÓóÌÐò£¨±ÈÈçMozilla£¬Ä³Ð©KDE³ÌÐò£©»áÔÚµÚÒ»´ÎÖ´ÐÐʱÓÃеÄĬÈÏÉèÖø²¸ÇÓû§ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£×÷ΪԤ·À´ëÊ©£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ°ÑhomeĿ¼ÖÐÒÔ¾äµã¿ªÍ·µÄÒþ²ØÎļþ±¸·ÝÆðÀ´£¬ÒÔ±ã»Ö¸´Ô­À´µÄÉèÖá£Í¬Ê±£¬Í¨ÖªÆäËüÓû§ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¡£ ËäȻͨ¹ýSSH·ÃÎÊÄúϵͳµÄÓû§²»»áÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖÐ×¢Ò⵽̫¶à£¬ËûÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄÜÏë¼ÌÐø¹¤×÷£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°Í¨ÖªËùÓÐÓû§ÊÇÃ÷Öǵġ£Èç¹ûÒª²ÉÈ¡½øÒ»²½Ô¤·À´ëÊ©£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°±¸·Ý»ò·´¹ÒÔØÓû§·ÖÇø(/home)¡£ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯²¢²»ÊDZØÐëµÄ£¬³ý·ÇÄúÒª°ÑÄÚºËÒ»²¢Éý¼¶¡£ È«ÃæµÄÉý¼¶Ó¦ÔÚÎı¾Ä£Ê½µÄÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨(»òÖ±Á¬µÄ´®ÐÐÖÕ¶Ë)ÔËÐУ¬»òÕßÔ¶³ÌµØÍ¨¹ýSSHÔËÐС£ _ÖØÒªÌáʾ!_²»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃtelnet¡¢rlogin¡¢rsh»òÔÚÒªÉý¼¶µÄ¼ÆËã»úÉÏÓÉxdm¡¢gdm¡¢kdm¹ÜÀíµÄX»á»°½øÐÐÉý¼¶¡£ÒòΪËüÃǺܿÉÄÜÔÚÉý¼¶Ê±±»ÖÕÖ¹£¬Äǽ«Ôì³ÉÒ»¸öÒòδÍêÈ«Éý¼¶¶øÎÞ·¨·ÃÎʵÄϵͳ¡£ ÈκÎÈí¼þ°ü°²×°²Ù×÷¶¼±ØÐëÔÚ³¬¼¶Óû§È¨ÏÞÏÂÔËÐУ¬ËùÒÔÒªÒÔrootÉí·ÝµÇ¼»òÓÃsu/sudoÀ´È¡µÃ±ØÐèµÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ¡£ 4.2. ¼ì²éϵͳ״̬ ----------------- ÔÚ±¾ÕÂÃèÊöµÄÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÊÇרÃÅÕë¶Ô¡°´¿¡±µÄwoodyϵͳ¡£Ôڴ˼ٶ¨ÄúµÄϵͳÒѾ­ÊÇ×îаæµÄwoody¡£Èç¹û²»ÊÇÕâÑù»òÄú²»Çå³þ£¬Çë°´µÚ A.1 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶woodyϵͳ'²Ù×÷¡£ ͬʱÎÒÃǼٶ¨Äú×°ÓÐwoodyµÄ`aptitude'¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà $ dpkg -l aptitude À´¼ì²é¡£ Èç¹ûÊä³öÐÐ_²»_ÒÔ"i"¿ªÍ·£¬ÄúÓ¦ÔÚÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°×ñÕÕµÚ A.2 ½Ú, `°²×°woodyµÄaptitude'À´°²×°Ëü¡£ 4.2.1. ½ûÓÃAPT pinning(APTµÄÒ»ÖÖÓÃÓÚ°²×°Ìض¨°æ±¾Èí¼þ°üµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡ª¡ªÒëÕß) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Èç¹ûÄúÅäÖÃÁËAPTÀ´°²×°·ÇstableµÄÌØ¶¨Èí¼þ°ü(ÀýÈç´Ótesting)£¬ÄúÓ¦µ±¸Ä±äAPT pinningÉèÖÃ(ÔÚ`/etc/apt/preferences')¡£¿ÉÔÚapt_preferences(5)ÖÐÕÒµ½APT pinningµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£ 4.2.2. ¼ì²éÈí¼þ°ü״̬ --------------------- ²»¹ÜÓÃʲô·½·¨Éý¼¶£¬½¨ÒéÄúÏȼì²éËùÓÐÈí¼þ°üµÄ״̬£¬È·ÈÏËùÓÐÈí¼þ°ü¶¼´¦ÔÚ¿ÉÉý¼¶×´Ì¬¡£ÒÔÏÂÃüÁî»áÏÔʾÈκδíÎó״̬£¬ÌرðÊǰ²×°²»È«»òÅäÖÃʧ°ÜµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ # dpkg --audit ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ`dselect'¡¢`aptitude'»òÓÃÃüÁî # dpkg -l | pager »ò # dpkg --get-selections > ~/curr-pkgs.txt À´¼ì²éÄúϵͳËùÓÐÈí¼þ°üµÄ״̬¡£ ÔÚÉý¼¶Ç°ÒƳýÈκÎhold(APT¶ÔÈí¼þµÄÒ»ÖÖ±ê¼Ç£¬Ëü¸æËßAPT²»Òª×Ô¶¯Ìæ»»ÕâÒ»Èí¼þ°ü¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)ºÜ±ØÒª¡£Èç¹ûÈκÎÉý¼¶ÓõĻù±¾Èí¼þ°ü´¦ÓÚhold״̬£¬Éý¼¶¾Í»áʧ°Ü¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà # dpkg --get-selections | grep hold ¼ì²é´¦ÓÚhold״̬µÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ±¾»úÐ޸IJ¢±àÒëÁËÒ»¸öÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÇÒûÓÐÖØÃüÃû»òÔÚ°æ±¾ºÅÖмÓÈëepoch(Èí¼þ°üÖÐ×Ô¶¨ÒåµÄ°æ±¾ºÅ¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)£¬Äú±ØÐë°ÑËüÖÃΪhold״̬À´·ÀÖ¹Ëü±»¸üС£ 'hold'Èí¼þ°ü״̬¿ÉÒÔÓÃ`aptitude'Ð޸ģº # aptitude hold | unhold Èç¹ûÐèÒªÐÞ¸´£¬×îºÃ±£Ö¤`sources.list'ÈÔȻָÏò woody£¬ÕýÏñÔÚµÚ A.3 ½Ú, `¼ì²éÔ´Áбí'ÖнâÊ͵ÄÄÇÑù¡£ 4.2.3. ·Ç¹Ù·½Ô´Óëbackports£¨backportsΪDebianÌṩ ²»ÐèÒª·ÇStableÁ´½Ó¿â¾Í¿ÉÔÚStable°æÔËÐеÄÐÂÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÓÐЧµØÃÖ²¹ÁËDebian Stable°æÈí¼þ½Ï¾ÉµÄȱµã£­£­ÒëÕߣ© ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Èç¹ûÄúÔÚϵͳÉÏʹÓ÷ÇDebianÈí¼þ°ü£¬Çë×¢ÒâÕâЩ°ü¿ÉÄÜÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÉÓÚ°ü³åÍ»¶ø±»É¾³ý¡£Èç¹ûÕâЩ°üÊÇͨ¹ýÔÚ`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖмÓÈë·Ç¹Ù·½Ô´°²×°µÄ£¬ÄúÓ¦¼ì²éÕâÒ»·Ç¹Ù·½Ô´ÊÇ·ñÌṩΪsarge±àÒëµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬È»ºó¸ù¾Ýʵ¼ÊÇé¿öÐÞ¸ÄÏàÓ¦µÄÐС£ һЩÓû§ÔÚwoodyÖÐʹÓ÷ǹٷ½backportµÄ½Ï¡°Ð¡±Èí¼þ°ü¡£ÕâЩ°ü·Ç³£ÈÝÒ×ÔÚÉý¼¶Öгö´í£¬ÒòΪËüÃǺܿÉÄܵ¼Ö°ü³åÍ»¡£[1]µÚ 4.4.5 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ'ÌṩÈçºÎ´¦Àí°ü³åÍ»µÄ°ì·¨¡£ [1] DebianµÄ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳһ°ã²»ÔÊÐíÒ»¸öÈí¼þ°üÖеÄÎļþÌæ»»ÁíÒ»°üµÄÎļþ£»³ý·Çеİü±»¶¨ÒåΪÄÇÑù×ö¡£ 4.3. ×¼±¸APTÔ´ -------------- ÔÚÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°£¬Äú±ØÐëÔÚ`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖÐÅäÖÃ`apt'À´Éú³ÉÈí¼þ°üÁÐ±í¡£ `apt'»áÒÔÐÐÏȺó˳ÐòΪÓÅÏȼ¶·ÖÎö¿Éͨ¹ý"`deb'"ÐÐÕÒµ½µÄËùÓÐÈí¼þ°ü£¬È»ºó°²×°¾ßÓÐ×î¸ß°æ±¾ºÅÈí¼þ°ü¡£(ÕâÑù£¬ÔÚ¾ßÓÐÐí¶à¾µÏñµØÖ·Ê±£¬Ò»°ãµØ£¬Ó¦ÏÈдÈë±¾µØÓ²ÅÌ£¬È»ºóCD-ROM£¬ÔÙÈ»ºóHTTP/FTP¾µÏñ) Ò»¸ö·¢Ðа澭³£¼È¿ÉÒÔÓÉ´úºÅ£¨Èçwoody¡¢sarge£©Ò²¿ÉÓÉ״̬Ãû£¨Èçoldstable¡¢stable¡¢testing¡¢unstable£©±íʾ¡£ÓôúºÅ¿ÉʹÄú²»»á¶ÔÒ»¸öз¢Ðаæ¸Ðµ½Ä°Éú£¬Òò´ËÔÚ±¾ËµÃ÷ÖÐÎÒÃÇʹÓôúºÅ¡£Õ⵱ȻÒâζ×ÅÄú×Ô¼º±ØÐë¹Ø×¢Ð°æµÄ·¢ÐС£Èç¹ûʹÓÃ״̬Ãû£¬ÄúÖ»»áÔÚа淢ÐÐʱ·¢ÏÖ¿ÉÉý¼¶µÄ°ü¡£ 4.3.1. Ìí¼ÓInternet APTÔ´ ------------------------- ĬÈÏÉèÖÃÊÇ´ÓÖ÷Debian Internet·þÎñÆ÷°²×°£¬µ«ÊÇÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä`/etc/apt/sources.list' À´Ê¹ÓÃÆäËü¾µÏñ£¬ÌرðÊÇÍøÂçÉÏÓëÄú×î½üµÄ¾µÏñ¡£ Debian HTTP»òFTP¾µÏñµØÖ·¿ÉÔÚhttp://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist ÕÒµ½(²é¿´"Full list of mirrors"²¿·Ö)¡£HTTP·þÎñÆ÷×ÜÌåÉϱÈFTP·þÎñÆ÷¿ì¡£ ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉè×î½üµÄ¾µÏñÊÇ`http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/'µ±ÓÃä¯ÀÀÆ÷»òFTP¹¤¾ß·ÃÎÊËüʱ£¬Äú»á×¢Òâµ½Ö÷ҪĿ¼ÊÇÕâÑù×éÖ¯µÄ£º http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/dists/sarge/main/binary-powerpc/... http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/dists/sarge/contrib/binary-powerpc/... ΪÁËÈÃ`apt'ʹÓÃÕâÒ»¾µÏñ£¬ÔÚ`sources.list'ÖмÓÈëÕâÒ»ÐУº deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian sarge main contrib ×¢Òâ'`dists''±»×Ô¶¯Òþº¬µØÌí¼ÓÁË£¬ÇÒÔÚ·¢ÐаæÃû³ÆÖ®ºóµÄ²ÎÊý±»ÓÃÀ´°Ñ°²×°Â·¾¶À©Õ¹µ½²»Í¬Ä¿Â¼ÖС£ Ìí¼ÓÁËÐÂAPTÔ´Ö®ºó£¬Óþ®ºÅ(`#')ÌíÔÚÐÐǰÒÔ°Ñ `sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ"`deb'"ÐнûÓᣠËùÓдÓÍøÉÏÏÂÔØµÄÈí¼þ°ü¶¼±»´¢´æÔÚ`/var/cache/apt/archives'(ÒÔ¼°ÔÚÏÂÔØ½ø³ÌÖеÄ`partial/')£¬ËùÒÔÔÚ¿ªÊ¼°²×°Ö®Ç°Äú±ØÐëÈ·±£ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ¿Õ¼ä¡£¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸öÊʵ±À©Õ¹µÄDebian°²×°£¬ÖÁÉÙÒªÓÐ300MBµÄÏÂÔØÊý¾Ý¡£ 4.3.2. Ìí¼Ó±¾µØAPTÔ´ -------------------- Äú¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä`/etc/apt/sources.list'À´Ê¹Óñ¾µØÇý¶¯Æ÷(¿ÉÄÜÊǹÒÔØµÄNFS·ÖÇø)ÉϵľµÏñ¡£ ÀýÈ磬ÄúµÄ¾µÏñÔÚ`/var/ftp/debian/'£¬ËüÓÐÕâÑùµÄÖ÷Ŀ¼£º /var/ftp/debian/dists/stable/main/binary-powerpc/... /var/ftp/debian/dists/stable/contrib/binary-powerpc/... ÒªÈÃ`apt'ʹÓÃËü£¬ÔÚ`sources.list'ÖмÓÈëÕâÒ»ÐУº deb file:/var/ftp/debian sarge main contrib ×¢Òâ``dists'' ±»×Ô¶¯Òþº¬µØÌí¼ÓÁË£¬ÇÒÔÚ·¢ÐаæÃû³ÆÖ®ºóµÄ²ÎÊý±»ÓÃÀ´°Ñ°²×°Â·¾¶À©Õ¹µ½²»Í¬Ä¿Â¼ÖС£ Ìí¼ÓÁËÐÂAPTÔ´Ö®ºó£¬Óþ®ºÅ (`#')ÌíÔÚÐÐǰÒÔ°Ñ `sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ"`deb'"ÐнûÓᣠ4.3.3. Ìí¼ÓCD-ROM»òDVD APTÔ´ ---------------------------- Èç¹ûÖ»ÏëʹÓÃCD-ROM£¬ÄǾͰÑ`sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ`deb'" ÐÐÓÃ"`#'"×¢Ê͵ô¡£ È·±£`/etc/fstab'ÖÐÓÐÔÊÐíÔÚ`/cdrom'¹ÒÔØCD-ROMµÄÒ»ÐÐ(`apt-cdrom'ÐèҪʹÓÃ`/cdrom'¹ÒÔØµã)¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û`/dev/hdc'ÊÇÄúµÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷£¬`/etc/fstab'Ó¦°üº¬ÕâÑùÒ»ÐУº /dev/hdc /cdrom auto defaults,noauto,ro 0 0 ×¢ÒâÔÚµÚËIJ¿·ÖµÄ¡±`defaults,noauto,ro'¡±ÖУ¬´ÊÖ®¼ä²»ÄÜÓÐÈκοոñ¡£ ҪȷÈÏËüÓÐЧ£¬²åÈëÒ»ÕÅCD£º # mount /cdrom # ¹ÒÔØCD-ROM # ls -alF /cdrom # ÏÔʾCD¸ùĿ¼ # umount /cdrom # Ð¶ÔØCD-ROM ÏÂÒ»²½£¬¶ÔÓÚÄúÓµÓеÄÿһÕÅDebian Binary CD-ROMÔËÐÐ # apt-cdrom add À´ÏòAPTµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÌí¼ÓÿһCDµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ 4.4. Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü --------------- ½¨ÒéʹÓÃ`aptitude'À´È«ÃæÉý¼¶ÏµÍ³¡£ÕâÒ»¹¤¾ß»á×ö³ö±ÈÖ±½ÓÖ´ÐÐ`apt-get'¸ü°²È«µÄÉý¼¶¾ö¶¨¡£ ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÒÔ¶Áдģʽ¹ÒÔØËùÓзÖÇø(Ò»°ãÊÇrootºÍ`/usr'·ÖÇø)£º # mount -o remount,rw / ÏÂÒ»²½È·±£APTÔ´(`/etc/apt/sources.list')Ö¸Ïò"`sarge'"»ò"`stable'"¡£×¢Ò⣺CD-ROM¾­³£±»±íʾΪ"`unstable'";ËäÈ»ÕâÁîÈËÃԻ󣬵«_²»Òª_ÐÞ¸ÄËü¡£ Ç¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÄúʹÓÃ`/usr/bin/script'³ÌÐòÀ´¼Ç¼һ¸öÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌµÄÐÅÏ¢¸±±¾¡£ÕâÑùÈç¹û³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬Äú¾ÍÓÐÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾À´Ñé¿´·¢ÉúÁËʲô£¬¶øÇÒÈç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ»°£¬Õâ¿ÉÒÔÌṩbug±¨¸æµÄÈ·ÇÐÐÅÏ¢¡£ÊäÈ룺 # script -a ~/upgrade-to-sarge.typescript »òÀàËÆµÄÃüÁîÀ´¿ªÊ¼¼Ç¼¡£²»Òª°Ñ¼Ç¼Îļþ·ÅÔÚÁÙʱĿ¼ÖУ¬Èç`/tmp'»ò`/var/tmp'(ÔÚÕâЩĿ¼ÖеÄÎļþ»áÔÚÉý¼¶»òÖØÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌÖб»É¾³ý)¡£ typescriptÔÊÐíÄúä¯ÀÀÒѾ­¹ö¹ýÆÁÄ»µÄÌáʾÐÅÏ¢¡£Ö»Òª×ªµ½VT2£¨Virtual Terminal 2£­£­ÒëÕߣ©£¨Ê¹ÓÃ`alt-F2'£©£¬µÇ¼ÒÔºó£¬ÓÃ`less ~/upgrade-to-sarge.typescript'²é¿´¡£ Éý¼¶Íê³ÉÖ®ºó£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈë`exit'ÃüÁîÀ´½áÊø`script'¡£ 4.4.1. ¸üаüÁбí ----------------- Ê×ÏÈÐèҪȡµÃз¢ÐаæµÄÈí¼þ°üÁÐ±í£º[1] # apt-get update [1] ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃ`apt-get'ÒòΪwoodyÖеÄ`aptitude'¿ÉÄÜÔÚÐÂÔ´¼ÓÈë`sources.list'ʱ³ö´í¡£ 4.4.2. Éý¼¶aptitude ------------------- Éý¼¶²âÊÔ±íÃ÷sargeµÄ`aptitude'ÔÚ½â¾ö¸´ÔÓÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµÊ±±È`apt-get'»òwoodyµÄ`aptitude'¸ü³öÉ«¡£ ËùÒÔÊ×ÏÈÓ¦Éý¼¶Ëü£º # aptitude install aptitude Äú»á¿´µ½Ò»Ð©¹ØÓÚ½«Òª½øÐеÄÐ޸ĵÄÌáʾÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢±»Îʵ½ÊÇ·ñÈ·ÈÏ¡£ÔÚÈ·ÈÏ֮ǰ£¬ÄúÓ¦×Ðϸ²é¿´Òª½øÐеĸü¸Ä£¬ÌرðÊÇÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖм´½«±»É¾³ýµÄ°ü¡£ ijЩʱºò£¬Èç¹ûºÜ¶àÈí¼þ°ü±»ÁгöÀ´×¼±¸É¾³ý£¬Äú¿ÉÓÃ`aptitude'ÊÂÏÈÉý¼¶Ä³Ð©Èí¼þÀ´»º½âÕâÖÖÇé¿ö¡£¾ÙÒ»¸öÀý×Ó£ºµ±¶Ô×°ÓÐKDEµÄϵͳ½øÐмì²éʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇ»á×¢Òâµ½ÕâÒ»¹ý³Ì»áɾ³ýºÜ¶àKDEºÍperl°ü¡£Õâʱ¿ÉÒÔÏȰÑperlÁ¬Í¬`aptitude'Ò»ÆðÉý¼¶À´½â¾ö¡£ 4.4.3. Éý¼¶doc-base ------------------- _Èç¹û×°ÓÐ`doc-base'_£¬ËüÒ²±ØÐëÔÚϵͳÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°±»¸üС£Ô­ÒòÊÇËü»áÔÚ`perl'Éý¼¶Ê±³ö´í¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà # dpkg -l doc-base ¼ì²éËüÊÇ·ñÒѰ²×°¡£Èç¹ûÊä³öÐÐÒÔ'i'¿ªÍ·±íÃ÷ËüÒѰ²×°£¬´Ëʱ±ØÐëÔÚ½øÒ»²½¹¤×÷֮ǰÉý¼¶Ëü£º # aptitude install doc-base 4.4.4. Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³µÄÆäËü²¿·Ö ------------------------- ÄúÏÖÔÚÒѾ­Ò»ÇоÍÐ÷À´½øÐÐÉý¼¶µÄÖ÷Òª²¿·Ö£¬ÔËÐÐ # aptitude -f --with-recommends dist-upgrade ½«½øÐÐÍêÕûµÄϵͳÉý¼¶£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°²×°ËùÓÐ×îа汾µÄÈí¼þ°ü²¢½â¾öËùÓпÉÄܵİüÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ±ä»¯ÎÊÌâ¡£Èç¹û±ØÒª£¬Ëü»á°²×°Ò»Ð©ÐÂÈí¼þ°ü(ͨ³£ÊÇеÄÁ´½Ó¿â£¬»ò¸ÄÃûµÄÈí¼þ°ü)£¬ÒƳýÈκÎÓгåÍ»µÄ¾É°ü(Èç`console-tools-libs')¡£ µ±´ÓÒ»×éCD-ROMÉý¼¶Ê±£¬Äú»á±»ÒªÇóÔÚÌØ¶¨Ê±ÆÚ²åÈëÌØ¶¨CD¡£¿ÉÄܱØÐë¶à´Î²åÈëͬһCD£¬ÕâÈ¡¾öÓÚ·Ö²¼ÓÚCDÖеÄÈí¼þ°üÄÚ²¿¹ØÏµ¡£ Ö»ÓиıäÆäËü°ü״̬²ÅÄܱ»¸üеÄÈí¼þ°ü»á±»±£ÁôΪµ±Ç°°æ±¾(ÏÔʾΪ'held back'״̬)¡£Õâ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýʹÓÃ`aptitude'À´Ñ¡ÔñÕâЩ°üÀ´°²×°»òÊäÈë`aptitude -f install 'À´½â¾ö¡£ `--fix-broken' (»òÖ»ÊÇ`-f')ÉèÖÃÏîʹ `apt'³¢ÊÔÐÞ¸´ÏµÍ³ÖеÄÒÀÀµÐÔ´íÎó¡£`apt'²»ÔÊÐíϵͳÖдæÔÚδÂú×ãµÄ°üÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ¡£ 4.4.5. Éý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ ------------------------------- Èç¹ûÔÚʹÓÃ`aptitude'¡¢`apt-get'»ò`dpkg'ʱ³öÏÖÈçÏ´íÎó E: Dynamic MMap ran out of room ÄÇÊÇÒòΪĬÈϵĻº³åÇøÌ«Ð¡¡£½â¾ö°ì·¨Óжþ£ºÒƳý`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖеĶàÓàÐУ¬Ôö´ó»º³åÇø¡£»º³åÇø´óС¿Éͨ¹ý`/etc/apt/apt.conf'ÖеÄ`APT::Cache-Limit'É趨¡£¼ÙÉèÏÖÓÐ`/etc/apt/apt.conf'ÖÐδÉ趨ÕâÒ»±äÁ¿£¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º # echo 'APT::Cache-Limit "12500000";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf ÆôÓÃAPT::Force-LoopBreakÉèÖÃÀ´ÁÙÊ±ÒÆ³ýÔÚConflicts/Pre-Depends(A Conflicts B±íʾA¡¢B²»ÄÜͬʱ±»°²×°£¬A Pre-Depends B±íʾ°²×°A֮ǰ±ØÐë°²×°B¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)Ñ­»·ÖеÄÒ»¸ö»ù±¾Èí¼þ°üÓÐʱºÜ±ØÒª¡£`aptitude'½«¾¯¸æÄúÕâÖÖÇé¿ö²¢ÖÕÖ¹Éý¼¶¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÔÚ`aptitude'ÃüÁîÐÐÖмÓÈë`-o APT::Force-LoopBreak=1'ÉèÖÃÀ´ÊµÏÖ¡£ ºÜÓпÉÄܵÄÊÇ£¬ÏµÍ³ÒÀÀµÐԽṹ»á·Ç³£»ìÂÒ¶øÐèÒªÊÖ¶¯¸ÉÔ¤¡£Í¨³£ÕâҪʹÓÃ`aptitude'»ò # dpkg --remove À´È¥³ýÕâЩ²»ÓѺõÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬»òÕß # aptitude --fix-broken install # dpkg --configure --pending ÔÚ¼«¶ËÇé¿öÏÂÄú¿ÉÄÜÒªÓà # dpkg --install Ç¿ÐÐÖØÐ°²×°¡£ Èç¹û´Ó"´¿"woodyÉý¼¶£¬°ü³åÍ»ÎÊÌâ²»»á³öÏÖ£¬µ«ÈôʹÓ÷ǹٷ½ backport°üÔò»á³öÏÖ¸ÃÎÊÌâ¡£°ü³åÍ»»áÔì³ÉÈçÏ´íÎó£º Unpacking replacement <> ... dpkg: error processing <> (--unpack): trying to overwrite `<>', which is also in package <> Äú¿ÉÒÔÇ¿ÐÐɾ³ý³ö´íÐÅÏ¢_×îºó_Ò»ÐеÄÈí¼þ°ü£º # dpkg -r --force-depends ÐÞºÃÖ®ºó£¬ÄúÓ¦¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄ`aptitude'ÃüÁî·½·¨»Ö¸´Éý¼¶¹ý³Ì¡£ ÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Äú»á±»ÎÊһЩÎÊÌâÀ´ÅäÖûòÖØÐÂÅäÖò¿·ÖÈí¼þ°ü¡£Èç¹ûÄú±»Îʵ½ÈκÎÔÚ`/etc/init.d'»ò`/etc/terminfo'Ŀ¼ÖеÄÎļþ£¬»ò`/etc/manpath.config'ÎļþÊÇ·ñÓ¦±»°üά»¤ÕßµÄÎļþÌæ´úʱ£¬Í¨³£»Ø´ð'yes'ºÜ±ØÒª¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈÎÒâʱºòת»Ø¾ÉµÄÎļþ£¬ÒòΪËüÃǻᱻ±êÒÔ `.dpkg-old'À©Õ¹Ãû´¢´æ¡£ Èç¹ûÄú²»ÖªµÀÓ¦¸Ã×öʲô£¬¼ÇÏÂÈí¼þ°ü»òÕßÎļþµÄÃû×Ö£¬ÔÙÔÚÉý¼¶ºó½â¾öÕâЩÎÊÌâ¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔËÑË÷ÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀ´¸´²éÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖÐÏÔʾµÄÆÁÄ»ÐÅÏ¢¡£ 4.5. ÖØÆôǰµÄÈÎÎñ ----------------- µ±`aptitude dist-upgrade'Íê³Éʱ£¬¡°Ç°ÆÚ¡±Éý¼¶¾ÍÒѾ­½áÊøÁË£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚÖØÆô֮ǰ»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËüÊÂÇéÒª×ö¡£ ÔĶÁ`/usr/share/doc/xfree86-common/README.Debian-upgrade.gz'À´»ñÈ¡XÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³µÄÏêϸϵͳÉý¼¶ÐÅÏ¢¡£ËüÓëËùÓеÄÏÈǰDebian·¢ÐаæÓû§Ïà¹Ø¡£¼ò¶ÌµØ½²£¬ÄúÐèÒªÔĶÁËü! 4.5.1. Éý¼¶ÄÚºË --------------- ×¢ÒâÔÚÕâЩ²½ÖèÖÐLinuxÄÚºËûÓб»¸üС£ÄúÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¼ºÈ¥×ö£¬Í¨¹ý°²×°`kernel-image-*' Èí¼þ°ü»òÕßͨ¹ý´ÓÔ­´úÂë±àÒë×Ô¶¨µÄÄںˡ£ Debian GNU/Linux´øÓÐÎȶ¨µÄ¾ÉLinux 2.4ϵÁÐÖеÄ2.6.8Äںˡ£ÎªÁËʵÏÖ¸üºÃµÄÓ²¼þÖ§³Ö»ò¸ü¸ßµÄÐÔÄÜ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ2.6ϵÁеÄÄںˡ£ µ«ÊÇ£¬_²»Òª_°ÑÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˿´×÷´ÓwoodyÉý¼¶µÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£¹ØÓÚÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˵ÄÎÊÌâ¿ÉÔÚµÚ 5.2 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶µ½2.6ÄÚºË'ÖÐÕÒµ½¡£ ΪÉý¼¶Äںˣ¬Äú±ØÐ뾡Á¿Ñ¡ÔñÊʺÏÄú¼ÆËã»úµÄÄںˡ£¿ÉÒÔÓà # apt-cache search ^kernel-image À´»ñÈ¡Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓõÄÄÚºËÁÐ±í¡£ È»ºóÄúÓ¦¸ÃʹÓÃ`aptitude install'À´°²×°Ëü¡£Ò»µ©ÐÂÄں˱»°²×°£¬ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÖØÆôÀ´Ê¹ÓÃËü£¬ÏíÊÜËüµÄй¦ÄÜ¡£ Çë×¢Òâwoody(¼°ÒÔǰµÄ·¢Ðаæ)²»ÒÔÈí¼þ°üµÄÐÎʽ°²×°Äںˡ£ÔÚsargeÖÐÓÐËù¸Ä±ä£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ°²×°ÐéÄâÈí¼þ°üÀ´¸ú×ÙÄں˱仯¡£ÕâЩÈí¼þ°ü±»ÃüÃûΪkernel-image-`VERSION'-`ARCH'£¬`VERSION'ÓëÄں˰汾£¨2.4»ò2.6£©¶ÔÓ¦£¬`ARCH'Óë¿ÉÓõÄϵͳ¼Ü¹¹¶ÔÓ¦¡£Èç¹ûÄúÏë¸ø°ü¹ÜÀíµÄÄÚºËʹÓð²È«Ö§³Ö£¨DebianÕë¶Ôϵͳ°²È«ÌṩµÄ¼´Ê±Éý¼¶£­£­ÒëÕߣ©£¬Çë°²×°×îÊʺÏÄúϵͳµÄÄÚºËÈí¼þ°ü¡£ Èç¹ûÒª¸ü´Ì¼¤£¬ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨À´±àÒëÄú×Ô¼º¶¨ÖƵÄÄںˡ£°²×°`kernel-package'¹¤¾ßÈ»ºóÔĶÁ`/usr/share/doc/kernel-package'ÖеÄÎĵµ¡£ 4.6. ·ÏÆúµÄÈí¼þ°ü ----------------- sarge²»µ«ÐÂÒýÈëÁ˼¸Ç§¸öÐÂÈí¼þ°ü£¬Ò²·ÏÆúÁË200¶à¸öÔÚwoodyÖеľÉÈí¼þ°ü¡£Ëü²»ÎªÕâЩ·ÏÆúÈí¼þ°üÌṩÉý¼¶²¹¶¡¡£²»¹ýÕâ²»Ó°ÏìÄúÔÚ±ØÒªÊ±¼ÌÐøÊ¹ÓÃ·ÏÆúµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬DebianÏîĿͨ³£ÔÚsarge·¢²¼Ò»ÄêºóÍ£Ö¹¶ÔËüÃǵݲȫ֧³Ö[1]£¬¶øÇÒÕâÆÚ¼ä²»»áÌṩÆäËüÖ§³Ö¡£Èç¹û¿ÉÒԵϰ£¬¾ÍÓ¦°ÑËüÃÇ»»ÎªµÄÌæ´úÈí¼þ¡£ Èí¼þ°ü±»ÒÆÈ¥ÓкܶàÔ­Òò£º²»ÔÙ±»ÉÏÓοª·¢Õßά»¤»òûÓÐDebian¿ª·¢Õߣ¨¼´DD£­£­ÒëÕߣ©Ô¸Òâά»¤£»¹¦Äܱ»ÆäËüÈí¼þ»òа汾¸üºÃµØÈ¡´ú£»´íÎóÌ«ÑÏÖØ¡£ÔÚ×îºóÒ»¸öÔ­ÒòÖУ¬Èí¼þ°üºÜ¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÊôÓÚunstable¡£ °ü¹ÜÀíÈí¼þ»á±ê×¢³öÀ´ÄÄЩÈí¼þ°ü±»·ÏÆú£¬²é¿´Õâ·½ÃæÐÅϢʮ·ÖÈÝÒס£Èç¹ûÓÃ`aptitude'£¬Äú»áÔÚ"Obsolete and Locally Created Packages"²¿·Ö¼ûµ½ÕâЩÈí¼þ°üµÄÁÐ±í¡£`dselect'Ìṩһ¸öÀàËÆµÄÁÐ±í£¬²»¹ý¿ÉÄÜÓÐЩ²îÒì¡£ÁíÍ⣬Èç¹ûÄúʹÓÃ`aptitude'ÊÖ¶¯°²×°ÁËwoodyÖеÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬Ëü»á¼Ç¼ÄúÊÖ¶¯°²×°µÄ°ü²¢ÇÒÔÚ°ü±»É¾³ýʱ°ÑÓÉÓÚÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ¶ø±»°²×°µÄ°ü±ê¼ÇΪ·ÏÆú¡£¶øÇÒ£¬²»Ïñ`deborphan'£¬`aptitude'²»»á°ÑÄúÊÖ¶¯°²×°µÄ°ü±ê¼ÇΪ·ÏÆú£¬ÕⲻͬÓÚÓÉÓÚÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ¶ø±»×Ô¶¯°²×°µÄ°ü¡£ ÓÐÐí¶àѰÕÒ·ÏÆúÈí¼þ°üµÄ¸½¼Ó¹¤¾ß£¬±ÈÈç`deborphan'¡¢ `debfoster'ºÍ`cruft'¡£ ÍÆ¼öʹÓÃ`deborphan'£¬ËäÈ»ËüÖ»±¨¸æ"libs"ºÍ"oldlibs"ÖÐµÄ·ÏÆúÁ´½Ó¿â¡£²»ÒªËæÒâɾ³ýÕâЩ¹¤¾ßÏÔʾµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÌرðÊǵ±ÄúʹÓÃð·¸ÐԵķÇĬÈÏÉèÖÃʱ£¬ËüÃǺÜÈÝÒ×Ôì³É¼ÙÏó¡£ÍƼöÔÚɾ³ý֮ǰ×Ðϸ²é¿´°üµÄÐÅÏ¢£¨ÄÚÈÝ£¬´óСºÍÃèÊö£©¡£ Debian´íÎó¸ú×Ùϵͳ (http://bugs.debian.org/)¾­³£Ìṩ°ü±»ÒƳýµÄÔ­Òò¡£ÄúÓ¦ÔĶÁÈí¼þ±¾ÉíµÄbug±¨¸æºÍftp.debian.org pseudo-package (http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?pkg=ftp.debian.org&archive=yes)µÄbug±¨¸æ¡£ [1] »òÕßÔÚsargeºóз¢Ðа淢²¼Ê±Í£Ö¹£¬ Ò»°ãÖ»ÄÜÓÐÁ½¸östable·¢ÐаæÍ¬Ê±±»Ö§³Ö¡£ 4.6.1. Dummy°ü -------------- һЩwoodyÖеÄÈí¼þ°üÔÚsargeÖб»·Ö³É¼¸²¿·Ö£¬ÒÔÌá¸ßϵͳµÄÒ×ά»¤ÐÔ¡£ÎªÁ˼ò»¯Éý¼¶£¬sarge¾­³£Ìṩͨ¹ýÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ°²×°ÆäËüаüµÄ"dummy"°ü£­£­Óëwoody°üÓÐÏàͬÃû³ÆµÄ¿Õ°ü¡£"dummy"°üÔÚÉý¼¶ºó¾ÍûÓÃÁË£¬¿ÉÒÔ°²È«µØÉ¾³ý¡£ ´ó¶àÊý£¨²»ÊÇËùÓУ©µÄdummy°üµÄÃèÊö²¿·Ö˵Ã÷ËüÃǵÄÄ¿µÄ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬°üÃèÊöÐÅÏ¢²»ÊÇΨһµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÄú¿ÉÄܻᷢÏÖ`deborphan'¼ÓÉÏ`--guess'Ñ¡Ïî¶ÔѰÕÒÕâЩ°üÓÐÓá£×¢ÒâÓÐЩdummy°üÔÚÉý¼¶ºó²»»á±»É¾³ý£¬ËüÃDZ»ÓÃÀ´¼Ç¼һ¸ö³ÌÐòµÄ¿ÉÓð汾¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. ÔÚsargeÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ ------------------------ 5.1. PythonÈí¼þ°üµÄ±ä»¯ ----------------------- ÈκÎsargeµÄpython2.XÈí¼þ°ü¶¼²»°üº¬'profile'ºÍ'pstats'Ä£¿é£¬ÒòΪËüÃÇ×¢²áÔÚÒ»¸ö²»ÓëDFSGÏàÈݵÄÐí¿ÉЭÒéÏÂ(ÏêÇé²é¿´bug#293932)¡£ÕâÁ½¸öÄ£¿é¿ÉÔÚDebian archiveµÄnon-free²¿·ÖÖÐÒÔpython-profilerºÍpython 2.X-profilerÈí¼þ°üµÄÐÎʽÕÒµ½¡£ 5.2. Éý¼¶µ½2.6ÄÚºË ------------------ 2.6ϵÁÐÄÚºËÓë2.4ϵÁÐÏà±ÈÓÐÖØ´ó¸Ä±ä¡£Ä£¿é±»¸ÄÃû£¬Ðí¶àÇý¶¯³ÌÐò±»²¿·Ö»òÈ«²¿¸Äд¡£Òò´ËÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˲»ÄÇôÈÝÒס£ÕâÒ»²¿·ÖÖ¼ÔÚÈÃÄúÁ˽âһЩÐèҪעÒâµÄµØ·½¡£ Ç¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÄú²»Òª°ÑÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˵±×÷´ÓwoodyÉý¼¶µ½sargeµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÈ·±£ÏµÍ³ÔÚÔ­ÓÐÄں˻òsargeµÄ2.4ÄÚºËÉÏÕý³£¹¤×÷£¬È»ºóÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äںˡ£Òª°ÑÉý¼¶Äں˵±³ÉÒ»Ïî¶ÀÁ¢ÈÎÎñ£¡ Èç¹ûÄú±àÒëÐÂÄںˣ¬Ó¦È·±£ÔÚÖØÆô֮ǰ°²×°ÁË`module-init-tools'¡£ÕâÒ»Èí¼þ°üÔÚ2.6ÄÚºËÏÂÈ¡´ú`modutils'¡£Èç¹ûÄú°²×°`kernel-image'Ö®Ò»£¬ÕâÒ»Èí¼þ°ü»áÓÉÓÚÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ±»×Ô¶¯°²×°¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÓÃ_LVM_£¬¾ÍÓ¦µ±ÔÚÖØÆôǰ°²×°`lvm2'£¬ÒòΪ2.6Äں˲»Ö±½ÓÖ§³ÖLVM1¡£`lvm2'(dm-modÄ£¿é)±»ÓÃÀ´·ÃÎÊLVM1¾í¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔ°²×°`lvm10'£­£­Ò»¸öÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±¼ì²éÄÄÖÖÄں˱»Ê¹Óã¬È»ºóÖ´ÐÐÏàӦģ¿éµÄ½Å±¾¡£ ×¢ÒâһЩģ¿éÃû³ÆÓÐËù¸Ä±ä£¬Çë¼ì²éÐÞ¸Ä`/etc/modules'(ÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±×Ô¶¯Ö´ÐеÄÄ£¿éÁбí)£¬°Ñ¾ÉÃû¸ÄΪÐÂÃû¡£ ×¢ÒâÔÚ°²×°Íê2.6ÄÚºËÖØÆô֮ǰ£¬ÒªÈ·±£ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ»Ö¸´´ëÊ©¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬È·±£Æô¶¯³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÐÂÄں˺;ÉÄںˣ¨2.4Äںˣ©Æô¶¯¡£»¹ÐèҪȷ±£ÊÖÍ·Óнô¼±ÐÞ¸´ÈíÅÌ»ò¹âÅÌ£¬ÒÔ·ÀÍòÒ»Æô¶¯³ÌÐòµÄ´íÎóÅäÖõ¼ÖÂÎÞ·¨´Ó¾ÉÄÚºËÆô¶¯¡£ 5.2.1. ¼üÅÌÅäÖà --------------- 2.6ÄÚºË×îÈÅÈ˵ĸıäÊÇÊäÈë²ãµÄµÍ¼¶±ä»¯¡£ÕâÒ»±ä»¯Ê¹ËùÓеļüÅ̶¼±äµÃÏñ¡°Õý³£¡±µÄPC¼üÅÌ¡£ÕâÒâζ×ÅÈç¹ûÄúĿǰÓÐÒ»¸ö²»Í¬ÖÖÀàµÄ¼üÅÌ(ÀýÈçÒ»¸öUSB-MAC»òSun¼üÅÌ)£¬Ëü¼«ÓпÉÄÜÔÚÖØÆôºóÎÞ·¨¹¤×÷¡£ Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÆäËüϵͳͨ¹ýSSH·ÃÎÊ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐ`'dpkg-reconfigure console-data''À´½â¾öÎÊÌ⣬ֻҪѡÔñ"Select keymap from full list"È»ºóÑ¡Ôñ"pc"¼üÅÌ¡£ Èç¹ûÖն˼üÅÌÒ²±»Ó°ÏìÁË£¬ÄúÒ²Ðí»¹µÃΪX Windows SystemÖØÐÂÅäÖüüÅÌ¡£¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ`dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86'»òÖ±½ÓÐÞ¸Ä`/etc/X11/XF86Config-4'¡£ ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÔĶÁÏà¹ØÎĵµµÚ 4.5 ½Ú, `ÖØÆôǰµÄÈÎÎñ'¡£ ×¢ÒâÈç¹ûÄúÔÚʹÓÃUSB¼üÅÌ£¬Ëü¿ÉÄÜÅäÖÃΪ¡°Õý³£¡±PC¼üÅÌ»òUSB-MAC¼üÅÌ¡£ÔÚǰһÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬Äú²»»á±»ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâËùÓ°Ïì¡£ 5.2.2. Êó±êÅäÖà --------------- »¹ÊÇÓÉÓÚÊäÈë²ãµÄ±ä»¯£¬Èç¹ûÄúµÄÊó±êÔÚ2.6ÄÚºËϲ»¹¤×÷£¬Äú¿ÉÄܵÃÖØÐÂÅäÖÃX Window SystemºÍ`gpm'¡£×î¿ÉÄܵÄÔ­ÒòÊǽÓÊÕÊó±êÊý¾ÝµÄÉ豸±äÁË¡£Äú¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÐèÒªÔØÈëһЩģ¿é¡£ 5.2.3. ÉùÒôÅäÖà --------------- ¶ÔÓÚ2.6Äںˣ¬ALSAÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐò±ÈOSSÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¸üÊÜÆ«°®¡£Èç¹û°²×°ÁË`alsa-base'Éù¿¨µÄALSAÄ£¿é»á±»×Ô¶¯ÔØÈ룻ÕâÒ²»á×Ô¶¯°ÑOSSÇý¶¯¼ÓÈë`discover'ºÍ`hotplug'µÄºÚÃûµ¥À´×èÖ¹ËüÃDZ»¶ÁÈ¡¡£ Èç¹ûÔÚ`/etc/modules'ÖÐÓÐOSSÇý¶¯£¬Ó¦ÒƳý¡£ 5.2.4. Éý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˿ÉÄÜ»áÆôÓÃudev ---------------------------------- `udev'ÊÇdevfsÔÚÓû§²ãµÄʵÏÖ¡£Ëü¹ÒÔØÔÚ`/dev'Ŀ¼²¢°ÑËüÓëÄÚºËÖ§³ÖµÄÓ²¼þÏà¹ØÁª¡£ËüÓë`hotplug'Ò»ÆðÀ´¼ì²âÐÂÉ豸£¬¶¯Ì¬µØÕë¶ÔÄ£¿éµÄ×°ÔØºÍÐ¶ÔØ½øÐÐĿ¼ÅäÖá£`udev'½öÄÜÔÚ2.6ÄÚºËÏÂÔËÐС£ ÓÉÓÚ`udev'»áÒòΪÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ£¬Èç`gnome'£¬¶ø±»×Ô¶¯°²×°¡£Éý¼¶ÖÁ2.6ÄÚºËʱ¿ÉÄÜ»áÆôÓÃ`udev'¡£ ËäÈ»`udev'ÒѾ­¹ýÁ˹㷺µÄ²âÊÔ£¬µ«Äú»¹ÊÇ¿ÉÄÜÔÚijЩÉ豸ÉÏÓöµ½Ò»Ð©±ØÐëÐÞÕýСÎÊÌâ¡£×î³£¼ûµÄÎÊÌâÊÇij¸öÉ豸µÄȨÏÞ±ä¸ü¡£Ä³Ð©×´¿öÏ£¬ÓÐЩÉ豸ÊDz»»á±»Ä¬ÈϽ¨Á¢µÄ¡££¨È磺`/dev/video' ºÍ`/dev/radio'£©¡£ `udev'Ìṩ´¦ÀíÕâЩÎÊÌâµÄÅäÖ÷½°¸¡£Çë²é¿´ udev(8)ºÍ`/etc/udev' À´È¡µÃÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. ÓйØDebian GNU/LinuxµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢ --------------------------------- 6.1. ½øÒ»²½ÔĶÁ --------------- ³ýÁ˱¾¡¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡·ºÍ¡¶°²×°Êֲᡷ£¬¸üÉîÈëµÄDebian GNU/Linux Documentation(LinuxÊÀ½çÖеÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö£¬ÒÔÎĵµÐÎʽ´æÔÚ£¬Ò»°ã°üº¬Êé¼®¡¢HOWTO¡¢FAQºÍÑùÀýÅäÖÃÎļþµÈ·Ç³£ÓÐÓõÄ˵Ã÷ÐÔ×ÊÁÏ£¬Í¨³£ÓÉ¿ª·¢ÕߺÍÓû§×«Ð´¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)¿ÉÔÚDebian Documentation Project(DDP)ÖÐÕÒµ½£¬ËüµÄ×ÚÖ¼ÊÇΪDebianÓû§ºÍ¿ª·¢Õß´´½¨¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄDocumentation¡£DocumentationÈç¡¶Debian Guide¡·¡¶DebianÐÂά»¤ÈËÔ±ÊֲᡷºÍ¡¶Debian FAQ¡·µÈµÈ¶¼¿ÉÔĶÁ¡£·ÃÎÊDDPÕ¾µã (http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp)À´Ïêϸ²é¿´ËùÓпÉÓÃ×ÊÔ´¡£ ÎªÌØÊâÈí¼þ°ü×¼±¸µÄDocumentation±»°²×°ÔÚ `/usr/share/doc/'£¬Õâ¿ÉÄܰüº¬copyrightÐÅÏ¢£¬DebianרÃÅÐÅÏ¢£¬ºÍһЩÉÏÓÎDocumentation¡£ 6.2. »ñµÃ°ïÖú ------------- DebianÓû§¿É»ñµÃ¸÷ÖÖÐÎʽ°ïÖú¡¢½¨ÒéºÍÖ§³Ö£¬µ«ÊÇÕâЩֻÔÚÄúϸÖÂÑо¿ÁËËùÓÐÓëÎÊÌâÏà¹ØµÄDocumentationµÄÇé¿öϲű»¿¼ÂÇ¡£ÕâÒ»²¿·ÖÌṩ¶ÔDebianÓû§ÓÐÒæµÄ¼ò¶ÌÖ¸µ¼¡£ 6.2.1. ÓʼþÁбí --------------- DebianÓû§×îϲ»¶µÄÓʼþÁбíÊÇdebian-userÁбí(Ó¢Óï)ºÍÆäËüdebian-user-Áбí(±ðµÄÓïÑÔ)¡£²é¿´http://lists.debian.org/ÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÕâЩÁбíµÄÐÅÏ¢ºÍ¼ÓÈëÓʼþÁбíµÄ·½·¨¡£ÇëÔÚ·¢Óʼþ֮ǰ¼ì²éÄúÎÊÌâÒÑÓеĽâ´ð²¢ÇÒÒª×ñÑ­±ê×¼ÓʼþÁбí¸ñʽ¡£ 6.2.2. IRC ---------- DebianÔÚFreenodeÍøÂçÖÐÌØÎªDebianÓû§¿ªÍ¨ÁËÒ»¸öIRCƵµÀ£¬ËüרÃÅÌṩ¿ªÔ´ÉçÇøµÄ¹²Ïí×ÊÔ´¡£ÓÃÄú×îϲ»¶µÄIRC¿Í»§¶Ë·ÃÎÊirc.debian.orgÈ»ºó¼ÓÈë#debianƵµÀ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË¡£ Çë×ñÊØÆµµÀÖ¸ÄÏ£¬×ð¾´ÆäËüÓû§¡£·ÃÎÊfreenode.net (http://freenode.net/)À´»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£ 6.3. ±¨¸æbug ------------ ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦°ÑDebian´òÔì³É¸ßÐÔÄܲÙ×÷ϵͳ£¬µ«ÊÇÄDz»Òâζ×ÅÎÒÃÇÌṩµÄÈí¼þ°üÍêȫûÓÐbug¡£×÷ΪΪÓû§ÌṩµÄ·þÎñºÍDebian¿ª·ÅÐÔ¿ª·¢µÄʵ¼ù£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚbugs.debian.org (http://bugs.debian.org/)µÄBug¸ú×Ùϵͳ(BTS)ÖÐÌṩËùÓÐÒѱ¨¸æbugµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ·¢Ðаæ»òËüÀïÃæµÄ´ò°üÈí¼þÖз¢ÏÖÁËÒ»¸öbug£¬Ç뱨¸æÕâ¸öbugÒÔ±ãËü¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏÂÒ»·¢ÐаæÖеõ½ÐÞ¸´¡£±¨¸æbugÐèÒªÒ»¸öºÏ·¨µÄEmailµØÖ·£¬ÒÔʹÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ×·×Ùbug£¬Ò²Ê¹¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÔÚÐèÒª¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢µÄÇé¿öÏÂÓ뱨¸æÕßÈ¡µÃÁªÏµ¡£ Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ`reportbug'»òÊÖ¶¯µØÊ¹ÓÃEmailÌá½»Ò»¸öbug±¨¸æ¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚ×°ÓÐ`doc-debian'µÄDebianϵͳÖеÄ`/usr/share/doc/debian'»òÔÚÍøÉÏBug¸ú×Ùϵͳ (http://bugs.debian.org/)ÔĶÁ˵Ã÷À´»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àBTSµÄÐÅÏ¢ÒÔ¼°Ñ§Ï°ÈçºÎʹÓÃËü¡£ 6.4. ΪDebian×ö¹±Ï× ------------------- À´ÎªDebian×ö¹±Ï×£¬Äú²»±ØÊÇÒ»Ãûר¼Ò¡£ÔÚÓû§ÓʼþÁбí (http://lists.debian.org/)ÖаïÖúÓû§½â¾öÎÊÌâ¾ÍÊÇÔÚΪDebianÉçÇø×ö¹±Ïס£ÔÚ¿ª·¢ÓʼþÁбí (http://lists.debian.org/)Öмì²é(²¢ÇÒ½â¾ö)Óë·¢Ðа濪·¢Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâ¶ÔDebianÒ²¼«ÆäÓаïÖú¡£¿ÉÒÔ±¨¸æbug (http://bugs.debian.org/)²¢ÇÒ°ïÖú¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±×·×ÙºÍÐÞ¸´bugÀ´±£³ÖDebianµÄ¸ßÐÔÄÜ¡£Èç¹ûÄúÓïÑÔÄÜÁ¦Ç¿£¬Äú¿ÉÄÜ»áÔ¸Òâͨ¹ýдdocumentation (http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp)»òÓÃÄú×Ô¼ºµÄÓïÑÔ·­Òë (http://www.debian.org/international/)ÒÑÓеÄDocumentationÀ´×ö¸ü»îÔ¾µÄ¹±Ïס£ Èç¹ûÄúÓиü¶àʱ¼ä£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚDebianÖÐά»¤×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£¬Work Needing and Prospective PackagesÊý¾Ý¿â (http://www.debian.org/devel/wnpp/) »áÏêϸ½éÉÜÕâÒ»ÐÅÏ¢¡£Èç¹ûÄúÔÚÄ³Ò»ÌØÊâÁìÓò¸ÐÐËȤ£¬ÄÇôÄú¿ÉÄÜÔÚDebianµÄһЩ×ÓÏîÄ¿ÈçÏµÍ³Æ½Ì¨ÒÆÖ²¡¢Debian Jr. (http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-jr/)ºÍDebian Med (http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-med/)ÖлñµÃÀÖȤ¡£ ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬Èç¹ûÄúÔÚÒÔÈκÎÐÎʽÔÚ×ÔÓÉÈí¼þÉçÇøÄÚ¹¤×÷£¬²»ÂÛÊÇÒÔÓû§¡¢³ÌÐòÔ±»¹ÊÇд×÷Õß¡¢·­ÒëÕßÉí·Ý£¬ÄúÒѾ­ÔÚ°ïÖú×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ¡£¹±Ï×ÊǹâÈÙ¶øÓÖÓÐȤµÄ£¬¶øÇÒÈÃÄú½áʶÐÂÅóÓÑ£¬Õâ»á¸øÄúÒ»ÖÖÀ´×ÔÄÚÐÄÉî´¦µÄÎÂů! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A. ¹ÜÀíwoodyϵͳ ---------------- ±¾¸½Â¼°üº¬ÔÚÉý¼¶µ½sarge֮ǰÈçºÎ°²×°»òÉý¼¶woodyÈí¼þ°ü¡£Õâ½öÔÚÄ³Ð©ÌØÊâÇé¿öÏÂÓÐÓᣠA.1. Éý¼¶woodyϵͳ ------------------ »ù±¾ÉÏÕâÓë´Óǰ½øÐеÄwoodyÉý¼¶Ã»Ê²Ã´Çø±ð¡£½öÓеÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚÊ×ÏÈÄúӦȷ±£Èí¼þ°üÁбíÈÔÖ¸Ïòwoody£¬ÕýÈçµÚ A.3 ½Ú, `¼ì²éÔ´Áбí'ÖнâÊ͵ġ£ A.2. °²×°woodyµÄaptitude ------------------------ Ê×ÏȱØÐëÈ·±£°²×°woodyµÄ`aptitude'¶ø²»ÊÇsargeµÄ£¬°´ÕÕµÚ A.3 ½Ú, `¼ì²éÔ´Áбí'×ö¡£ È»ºó£¬Ö´ÐÐ # apt-get install aptitude À´°²×°`aptitude'¡£ A.3. ¼ì²éÔ´Áбí --------------- Èç¹û`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖеÄÈκÎÐÐÖ¸Ïò'stable'£¬ÄúÕýÔÚ¡°Ê¹Óá±sarge¡£Èç¹ûÄúÒѾ­Ö´ÐÐ`apt-get update'£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ×ñÑ­ÒÔϲÙ×÷ºÜÇáËɵػص½woody¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÒѾ­´Ósarge°²×°ÁËÈí¼þ°ü£¬°²×°woodyµÄÈí¼þ°ü¾Í²»Ì«ÈÝÒ×ÁË¡£ÍòÒ»ÕâÑù£¬Äú¾ÍÒª×Ô¼º¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñ¼ÌÐø¡£¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÈí¼þ°ü½µ¼¶£¬µ«Õâ·Ç±¾ËµÃ÷Ëù¼°¡£ ÒÔrootÉí·Ý£¬´ò¿ª`/etc/apt/sources.list'¼ì²éËùÓÐÒÔ`deb http:'»ò`deb ftp:'¿ªÍ·µÄÐÐÊÇ·ñÖ¸Ïò"`stable'"¡£Èç¹ûÓУ¬°Ñ`stable'¸ÄΪ`woody'¡£ Èç¹ûÓÐÒÔ`deb file:'¿ªÍ·µÄÐУ¬ÄÇÄú½«µÃ×Ô¼º¼ì²éËüÖ¸ÏòµÄµØÖ·Êǰüº¬woody»¹ÊÇsargeÈí¼þ¡£ _ÖØÒªÌáʾ£¡_²»ÒªÐÞ¸ÄÒÔ`deb cdrom:'¿ªÍ·µÄÐС£·ñÔò»á³ö´í£¬ÒÔÖ²»µÃ²»ÖØÐÂÔËÐÐapt-cdrom ¡£²»ÒªÒòΪ'cdrom'ÐÐÖ¸Ïò"`unstable'"¶ø¸Ðµ½¾ªÑÈ¡£ËäÈ»ÁîÈËÀ§»ó£¬µ«ÕâÊÇÕý³£µÄ¡£ Èç¹ûÄú×öÁËÐ޸쬱£´æÎļþÈ»ºóÖ´ÐÐ # apt-get update À´¸üÐÂÈí¼þ°üÁÐ±í¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 ('sarge'), PowerPC·¢²¼ËµÃ÷ Josip Rodin, Bob Hilliard, Adam Di Carlo, Anne Bezemer, Rob Bradford (current), Frans Pop (current) $Id: release-notes.zh_CN.sgml,v 1.9 2005/06/08 05:49:47 liling Exp $