5.4. 설치 과정의 문제 해결

5.4.1. Reliability of optical media

Sometimes, especially with older drives, the installer may fail to boot from an optical disc. The installer may also — even after booting successfully from such disc — fail to recognize the disc or return errors while reading from it during the installation.

이러한 문제는 여러가지 원인이 있을 수 있습니다. 여기서는 일부 많이 발생하는 문제 및 각각의 경우 대처하는 방법을 설명합니다. 나머지는 여러분에게 맡깁니다.

제일 먼저 확인할 수 있는 간단한 일이 두 가지 있습니다.

  • If the disc does not boot, check that it was inserted correctly and that it is not dirty.

  • If the installer fails to recognize the disc, try just running the option Detect and mount installation media a second time. Some DMA related issues with very old CD-ROM drives are known to be resolved in this way.

If this does not work, then try the suggestions in the subsections below. Most, but not all, suggestions discussed there are valid for CD-ROM and DVD.

If you cannot get the installation working from optical disc, try one of the other installation methods that are available.

5.4.1.1. 공통 사항

  • 일부 오래 된 CD-ROM 드라이브는 최근의 CD 라이터에서 구운 디스크를 일지 못합니다.

  • 일부 아주 오래 된 CD-ROM 드라이브는 직접 메모리 접근(DMA) 기능을 사용할 경우 올바르게 동작하지 않습니다.

5.4.1.2. 문제점 파악 및 해결 방법

If the optical disc fails to boot, try the suggestions listed below.

  • Check that your BIOS actually supports booting from optical disc (only an issue for very old systems) and that booting from such media is enabled in the BIOS.

  • If you downloaded an iso image, check that the md5sum of that image matches the one listed for the image in the MD5SUMS file that should be present in the same location as where you downloaded the image from.

    $ md5sum debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso
    a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92  debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso
    

    Next, check that the md5sum of the burned disc matches as well. The following command should work. It uses the size of the image to read the correct number of bytes from the disc.

    $ dd if=/dev/cdrom | \
    > head -c `stat --format=%s debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso` | \
    > md5sum
    a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92  -
    262668+0 records in
    262668+0 records out
    134486016 bytes (134 MB) copied, 97.474 seconds, 1.4 MB/s
    

If, after the installer has been booted successfully, the disc is not detected, sometimes simply trying again may solve the problem. If you have more than one optical drive, try changing the disc to the other drive. If that does not work or if the disc is recognized but there are errors when reading from it, try the suggestions listed below. Some basic knowledge of Linux is required for this. To execute any of the commands, you should first switch to the second virtual console (VT2) and activate the shell there.

  • VT4로 전환해서 /var/log/syslog의 내용을 보고 (nano를 편집기로 사용) 특정 오류 메시지가 있는 지 확인하십시오. 그 다음에 dmesg의 출력도 확인해 보십시오.

  • Check in the output of dmesg if your optical drive was recognized. You should see something like (the lines do not necessarily have to be consecutive):

    ata1.00: ATAPI: MATSHITADVD-RAM UJ-822S, 1.61, max UDMA/33
    ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
    scsi 0:0:0:0: CD-ROM            MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-822S  1.61 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
    sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x writer dvd-ram cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray
    cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
    

    If you don't see something like that, chances are the controller your drive is connected to was not recognized or may be not supported at all. If you know what driver is needed for the controller, you can try loading it manually using modprobe.

  • Check that there is a device node for your optical drive under /dev/. In the example above, this would be /dev/sr0. There should also be a /dev/cdrom.

  • Use the mount command to check if the optical disc is already mounted; if not, try mounting it manually:

    $ mount /dev/hdc /cdrom
    

    Check if there are any error messages after that command.

  • Check if DMA is currently enabled:

    $ cd /proc/ide/hdc
    $ grep using_dma settings
    using_dma      1       0       1       rw
    

    A 1 in the first column after using_dma means it is enabled. If it is, try disabling it:

    $ echo -n "using_dma:0" >settings
    

    Make sure that you are in the directory for the device that corresponds to your optical drive.

  • If there are any problems during the installation, try checking the integrity of the installation media using the option near the bottom of the installer's main menu. This option can also be used as a general test if the disc can be read reliably.

5.4.2. 부팅 설정

문제가 생겨서 커널이 부팅 과정에서 멈추거나, 주변 장치를 인식하지 못하거나, 드라이브를 제대로 인식하지 못하거나 하는 경우, 먼저 부팅 파라미터가 5.3절. “부팅 파라미터”에 쓰여 있는 것처럼 제대로 되었는 지 확인하십시오.

장치의 펌웨어가 없어서 문제가 발생할 수도 있습니다. (2.2절. “펌웨어가 필요한 장치”6.4절. “없는 펌웨어 읽어들이기” 참고.)

5.4.3. 커널 시작 메시지 해석하기

부팅 과정에서, can't find something 혹은 something not present, can't initialize something, 아니면 심지어는 this driver release depends on something 형식의 메시지를 볼 수 있습니다. 이러한 메시지 대부분은 아무런 문제를 일으키지 않습니다. 설치 시스템은 여러 가지 주변 장치가 달린 컴퓨터에서 동작하도록 만들어졌기 때문에 이런 메시지가 나옵니다. 당연히 그 어떤 컴퓨터도 모든 종류의 주변 장치를 가진 컴퓨터는 없으므로, 운영체제에서는 찾으려는 주변 장치가 없을 때 이러한 메시지를 내보냅니다. 또 시스템이 일시적으로 멈추는 현상이 일어날 수도 있습니다. 이러한 현상은 어떤 장치가 응답할 때까지 기다리는데, 그 장치가 없을 때 발생합니다. 이런 시간이 너무 오래 걸린다고 생각한다면, 나중에 직접 설정한 커널을 사용할 수 있습니다(8.5절. “새 커널 컴파일하기” 참고).

5.4.4. 설치 문제 보고하기

If you get through the initial boot phase but cannot complete the install, the menu option Save debug logs may be helpful. It lets you store system error logs and configuration information from the installer on a storage medium, or download them using a web browser. This information may provide clues as to what went wrong and how to fix it. If you are submitting a bug report, you may want to attach this information to the bug report.

그 외의 설치 메시지는 설치할 때 /var/log/에 들어 있고, 설치된 시스템으로 부팅한 다음에는 /var/log/installer/에 들어 있습니다.

5.4.5. 설치 보고 제출

그래도 문제가 있다면, 설치 리포트를 보내 주십시오. 설치가 성공했을 경우에도 설치 리포트를 보내 주시는 게 좋습니다. 그래야 사용자가 어떤 하드웨어 설정을 사용하는 지에 대한 정보를 많이 얻을 수 있습니다.

주의: 설치 보고서는 데비안 버그 추적 시스템(BTS)에 공개되며, 공개 메일링 리스트에도 전달됩니다. 공개해도 상관 없는 전자메일 주소를 사용하도록 하십시오.

작동하고있는 데비안 시스템이있다면, 설치 리포트를 보내는 가장 쉬운 방법은 다음과 같습니다. installation-report reportbug패키지를 설치(apt install installation-report reportbug )하고 ,8.4.2절. “시스템 외부에 전자메일 보내기”에서 설명한대로 reportbug를 설정하여 reportbug installation-reports를 실행하십시오.

Alternatively you can use this template when filling out installation reports, and file the report as a bug report against the installation-reports pseudo package, by sending it to .

Package: installation-reports

Boot method: <How did you boot the installer? CD/DVD? USB stick? Network?>
Image version: <Full URL to image you downloaded is best>
Date: <Date and time of the install>

Machine: <Description of machine (eg, IBM Thinkpad R32)>
Processor:
Memory:
Partitions: <df -Tl will do; the raw partition table is preferred>

Output of lspci -knn (or lspci -nn):

Base System Installation Checklist:
[O] = OK, [E] = Error (please elaborate below), [ ] = didn't try it

Initial boot:           [ ]
Detect network card:    [ ]
Configure network:      [ ]
Detect media:           [ ]
Load installer modules: [ ]
Detect hard drives:     [ ]
Partition hard drives:  [ ]
Install base system:    [ ]
Clock/timezone setup:   [ ]
User/password setup:    [ ]
Install tasks:          [ ]
Install boot loader:    [ ]
Overall install:        [ ]

Comments/Problems:

<Description of the install, in prose, and any thoughts, comments
      and ideas you had during the initial install.>

In the bug report, describe what the problem is, including the last visible kernel messages in the event of a kernel hang. Describe the steps that you did which brought the system into the problem state.