2. Las novedades de Debian 13
La Wiki tiene más información sobre este tema.
2.1. Arquitecturas soportadas
Las siguientes son las arquitecturas oficialmente soportadas en Debian 13:
64-bit PC (
amd64)64-bit ARM (
arm64)ARM EABI (
armel)ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI,
armhf)64-bit little-endian PowerPC (
ppc64el)64-bit little-endian RISC-V (
riscv64)IBM System z (
s390x)
Additionally, on 64-bit PC systems, a partial 32-bit userland (i386)
is available. Please see Reduced support for i386 for details.
Puede leer más acerca del estado y la información específica de las adaptaciones para su arquitectura en la página web de las adaptaciones de Debian.
2.2. ¿Qué novedades hay en la distribución?
2.2.1. Soporte oficial para riscv64
Esta versión por primera vez soporta oficialmente la arquitectura riscv64, permitiendo a los usuarios ejecutar Debian en hardware RISC-V de 64 bits y beneficiarse de todas las características de Debian 13.
La Wiki proporciona más detalles sobre el soporte de riscv64 en Debian.
2.2.2. Hardening against ROP and COP/JOP attacks on amd64 and arm64
trixie introduces security features on the amd64 and arm64 architectures designed to mitigate Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) exploits and Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) attacks.
On amd64 this is based on Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) for both ROP and COP/JOP protection, on arm64 it is based on Pointer Authentication (PAC) for ROP protection and Branch Target Identification (BTI) for COP/JOP protection.
The features are enabled automatically if your hardware supports them. For amd64 see the Linux kernel documentation and the Intel documentation, and for arm64 see the Wiki, and the Arm documentation, which have information on how to check if your processor supports CET and PAC/BTI and how they work.
2.2.3. Soporte de HTTP Boot
El Debian Installer y las Debian Live Images ahora pueden ser arrancadas usando «HTTP Boot» en firmware UEFI y U-Boot compatible.
En sistemas que usan firmware TianoCore, entre al menú Device Manager, luego elija Network Device List, seleccione la interfaz de red, HTTP Boot Configuration, y especifique la URL completa a la ISO de Debian a arrancar.
Para otras implementaciones de firmware, por favor vea la documentación del hardware de su sistema y/o la documentación del firmware.
2.2.4. Improved manual pages translations
The manpages-l10n project has contributed many improved and new translations for manual pages. Especially Romanian and Polish translations are greatly enhanced since bookworm.
2.2.5. Entornos de escritorio y paquetes conocidos
This new release of Debian comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bookworm; the distribution includes over 11294 new packages, for a total of over 59551 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 42821 software packages (this is 72% of all packages in bookworm). Also, a significant number of packages (over 9519, 16% of the packages in bookworm) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as «obsolete» in package management front-ends; see Paquetes obsoletos.
Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, and Xfce 4.20.
También se han actualizado las aplicaciones de productividad, incluyendo las suites de oficina:
LibreOffice is upgraded to version 25;
GNUcash is upgraded to 5.10;
Esta versión, entre muchas otras cosas, incluye las siguientes actualizaciones:
Paquete |
Versión en 12 (bookworm) |
Versión en 13 (trixie) |
|---|---|---|
Apache |
2.4.62 |
2.4.63 |
Bash |
5.2.15 |
5.2.37 |
Servidor DNS BIND |
9.18 |
9.20 |
Cryptsetup |
2.6 |
2.7 |
Emacs |
28.2 |
30.1 |
Exim (default email server) |
4.96 |
4.98 |
GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (default compiler) |
12.2 |
14.2 |
GIMP |
2.10.34 |
3.0.2 |
GnuPG |
2.2.40 |
2.4.7 |
Inkscape |
1.2.2 |
1.4 |
la biblioteca C de GNU |
2.36 |
2.41 |
Linux kernel |
6.1 series |
6.12 series |
LLVM/Clang toolchain |
13.0.1 and 14.0 (default) and 15.0.6 |
19 (default), 17 and 18 available |
MariaDB |
10.11 |
11.8 |
Nginx |
1.22 |
1.26 |
OpenJDK |
17 |
21 |
OpenLDAP |
2.5.13 |
2.6.9 |
OpenSSH |
9.2p1 |
10.0p1 |
OpenSSL |
3.0 |
3.4 |
Perl |
5.36 |
5.40 |
PHP |
8.2 |
8.4 |
Postfix |
3.7 |
3.10 |
PostgreSQL |
15 |
17 |
Python 3 |
3.11 |
3.13 |
Rustc |
1.63 |
1.85 |
Samba |
4.17 |
4.22 |
Systemd |
252 |
257 |
Vim |
9.0 |
9.1 |