章 13. Tool usages

您可以使用 debdiff 命令來對比兩個 Debian 套件組成的差別。

$ debdiff old-package.dsc new-package.dsc

您也可以使用 debdiff 命令來對比兩組二進制 Debian 套件中的檔案列表。

$ debdiff old-package.changes new-package.changes

當檢查原始碼套件中哪些檔案被修改時，這個命令非常有用。它還可以用來檢測二進位制包中是否有檔案在更新過程中發生變動，比如被意外替換或刪除。

Debian now enforces the source-only upload when developing packages. So there may be 2 different *.changes files:

您可以使用 dget 命令來下載 Debian 套件原始碼的檔案集。

$ dget https://www.example.org/path/to/package_version-rev.dsc

You can make the upstream tarball ../foo-newversion.tar.[xg]z accessible from the Debian source tree as ../foo_newversion.orig.tar.[xg]z. This command is useful for renaming and symlinking the upstream tarball to the expected Debian naming convention.

You can fetch the pre-existing orig tarball of a Debian package from various sources, and unpack it with origtargz command.

This is basically for -2, -3, …​ revisions.

If the upstream project is hosted in a Git repository without an official tarball release, you can generate its orig tarball from the git repository for use by the Debian source package. Execute “git deborig” from the root of the checked-out source tree.

This is basically for -1 revisions.

The “dpkg-source -b” command packs the upstream source tree into the Debian source package.

It expects a series of patches in the debian/patches/ directory and their application sequence in debian/patches/series.

您應該使用 debc 命令安裝生成的套件以在本地測試它。

$ debc package_version-rev_arch.changes

您應該使用 piuparts 命令安裝生成的套件以自動進行測試。

$ sudo piuparts package_version-rev_arch.changes

	注意
	這是一個非常慢的過程，因為它需要查詢遠端 APT 套件倉庫。