Indholdsfortegnelse
The Wiki has more information about this topic.
Følgende er de officielt understøttede arkitekturer i Debian 11:
32-bit pc (i386
) og 64-bit pc (amd64
)
64-bit ARM (arm64
)
ARM EABI (armel
)
ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf
)
little-endian MIPS (mipsel
)
64-bit little-endian MIPS (mips64el
)
64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el
)
IBM System z (s390x
)
Du kan læse mere om porteringsstatus og porteringsspecifik information om din arkitektur på Debians websider om porteringer.
Denne nye udgave af Debian leveres med mange flere programmer end dens forgænger buster. Distributionen indeholder over 11294 nye pakker, og i alt 59551 pakker. De fleste programmer i distributionen er blevet opdateret: over 42821 softwarepakker (dette svarer til 72 % af alle pakker i buster). Et betydeligt antal pakker (over 9519, 16 % af alle pakker i buster) er af forskellige grunde blevet fjernet fra distributionen. Du vil ikke se opdateringer for disse pakker, og de markeres »forældet« i pakkehåndteringsprogrammer; se Afsnit 4.8, “Forældede pakker”.
Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, LXDE 11, LXQt 0.16, MATE 1.24, and Xfce 4.16.
Produktivitetsprogrammer er også blevet opgraderet, inklusive kontorpakkerne:
Blandt meget andet inkluderer denne udgave følgende opdateringer:
Both printing with CUPS
and scanning with
SANE
are increasingly likely to be possible without the
need for any driver (often non-free) specific to the model of the hardware,
especially in the case of devices marketed in the past five years or so.
Modern printers connected by ethernet or wireless can already use driverless
printing, implemented via CUPS
and cups-filters
, as was described in the Release
Notes for buster. Debian 11 “bullseye” brings the new
package ipp-usb
, which is
recommended by cups-daemon
and uses
the vendor-neutral IPP-over-USB
protocol supported by many modern printers. This allows a USB device to be
treated as a network device, extending driverless printing to include
USB-connected printers. The specifics are outlined on the
wiki.
The systemd service file included in the ipp-usb
package starts the
ipp-usb
daemon when a USB-connected printer is plugged
in, thus making it available to print to. By default cups-browsed
should configure it automatically,
or it can be manually
set up with a local driverless print queue.
The official SANE
driverless backend is provided by
sane-escl
in libsane1
. An independently developed driverless
backend is sane-airscan
. Both
backends understand the eSCL protocol but
sane-airscan
can also use the WSD
protocol. Users should consider having both backends on their systems.
eSCL
and WSD
are network
protocols. Consequently they will operate over a USB connection if the
device is an IPP-over-USB
device (see above). Note that
libsane1
has ipp-usb
as a recommended package. This leads to
a suitable device being automatically set up to use a driverless backend
driver when it is connected to a USB port.
A new open command is available as a convenience alias to xdg-open (by default) or run-mailcap, managed by the update-alternatives(1) system. It is intended for interactive use at the command line, to open files with their default application, which can be a graphical program when available.
In bullseye, systemd defaults to using control groups v2 (cgroupv2), which provides a unified resource-control hierarchy. Kernel commandline parameters are available to re-enable the legacy cgroups if necessary; see the notes for OpenStack in Afsnit 5.1.8, “OpenStack and cgroups v1” section.
Systemd in bullseye activates its persistent journal functionality by
default, storing its files in /var/log/journal/
. See
systemd-journald.service(8)
for details; note that on Debian the journal is readable for members of
adm
, in addition to the default
systemd-journal
group.
This should not interfere with any existing traditional logging daemon such
as rsyslog
, but users who are not
relying on special features of such a daemon may wish to uninstall it and
switch over to using only the journal.
Fcitx 5 is an input method for Chinese, Japanese, Korean and many other languages. It is the successor of the popular Fcitx 4 in buster. The new version supports Wayland and has better addon support. More information including the migration guide can be found on the wiki.
The Debian Med team has been taking part in the fight against
COVID-19
by packaging software for researching the virus
on the sequence level and for fighting the pandemic with the tools used in
epidemiology. The effort will be continued in the next release cycle with
focus on machine learning tools that are used in both fields.
Besides the addition of new packages in the field of life sciences and medicine, more and more existing packages have gained Continuous Integration support.
A range of performance critical applications now benefit from SIMD Everywhere. This
library allows packages to be available on more hardware platforms supported
by Debian (notably on arm64
) while maintaining the
performance benefit brought by processors supporting vector extensions, such
as AVX
on amd64
, or
NEON
on arm64
.
To install packages maintained by the Debian Med team, install the
metapackages named med-
,
which are at version 3.6.x for Debian bullseye. Feel free to visit the
Debian Med tasks
pages to see the full range of biological and medical software
available in Debian.
*
bullseye is the first release providing a Linux kernel which has support for
the exFAT filesystem, and defaults to using it for mounting exFAT
filesystems. Consequently it's no longer required to use the
filesystem-in-userspace implementation provided via the exfat-fuse
package. If you would like to
continue to use the filesystem-in-userspace implementation, you need to
invoke the mount.exfat-fuse helper directly when mounting
an exFAT filesystem.
Tools for creating and checking an exFAT filesystem are provided in the
exfatprogs
package by the authors of
the Linux kernel exFAT implementation. The independent implementation of
those tools provided via the existing exfat-utils
package is still available, but
cannot be co-installed with the new implementation. It's recommended to
migrate to the exfatprogs
package,
though you must take care of command options, which are most likely
incompatible.
The manual pages for several projects such as systemd, util-linux, OpenSSH,
and Mutt in a number of languages, including French, Spanish, and
Macedonian, have been substantially improved. To benefit from this, please
install manpages-
(where
xx
is the code for your
preferred natural language).
xx
During the lifetime of the bullseye release, backports of further
translation improvements will be provided via the
backports
archive.
The default init system in Debian is systemd
. In bullseye, a number of alternative
init systems are supported (such as System-V-style init and OpenRC), and
most desktop environments now work well on systems running alternative
inits. Details on how to switch init system (and where to get help with
issues related to running inits other than systemd) are available on the Debian wiki.
The Bazel build system is
available in Debian starting with this release. This is a bootstrap variant
that doesn't include local versions of the extended Bazel
ecosystem. However, the current package does provide identical functionality
to core upstream Bazel, with the advantage of convenient Debian package
management for the installation. While building Debian packages is not
currently recommended yet, any software that supports Bazel builds should
build normally using the bazel-bootstrap
package. This includes
build-time downloads of required dependencies.
The Debian Bazel Team is working to package an extensible version of Bazel for future Debian releases. This extensible version will allow additional components of the Bazel ecosystem to be included as native Debian packages. More importantly, this version will allow Debian packages to be built using Bazel. Contributions to the team are welcome!