2. Debian 13 的新变化
The Wiki has more information about this topic.
2.1. 支持的架构
下面是 Debian 13 官方支持的架构：
64-bit PC (
amd64)64 位 ARM（
arm64）ARM EABI（
armel）ARMv7（EABI 硬浮点 ABI，
armhf）64 位小端序 PowerPC（
ppc64el）64-bit little-endian RISC-V (
riscv64)IBM System z（
s390x）
Additionally, on 64-bit PC systems, a partial 32-bit userland (i386)
is available. Please see Reduced support for i386 for details.
您可以在 Debian 移植页面 阅读更多的关于您的架构的移植状态和移植细节的信息。
2.2. 这次发布中有什么新变化？
2.2.1. Official support for riscv64
This release for the first time officially supports the riscv64 architecture, allowing users to run Debian on 64-bit RISC-V hardware and benefit from all Debian 13 features.
The Wiki provides more details about riscv64 support in Debian.
2.2.2. PAC/BTI support on arm64
trixie introduces two security features on the arm64 architecture known as Pointer Authentication (PAC) and Branch Target Identification (BTI). They are designed to mitigate Return-Oriented Programming exploits and Jump-Oriented Programming attacks respectively.
The features are enabled automatically if your hardware supports them. The Wiki has information on how to check if your processor supports PAC/BTI and how they work.
2.2.3. HTTP Boot Support
The Debian Installer and Debian Live Images can now be booted using “HTTP Boot” on supported UEFI and U-Boot firmware.
On systems using TianoCore firmware, enter the Device Manager menu, then choose Network Device List, select the network interface, HTTP Boot Configuration, and specify the full URL to the Debian ISO to boot.
For other firmware implementations, please see the documentation for your system’s hardware and/or the firmware documentation.
2.2.4. 桌面和知名软件包
This new release of Debian comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bookworm; the distribution includes over 11294 new packages, for a total of over 59551 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 42821 software packages (this is 72% of all packages in bookworm). Also, a significant number of packages (over 9519, 16% of the packages in bookworm) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as “obsolete” in package management front-ends; see 过时的软件包.
Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, and Xfce 4.20.
生产力应用也得到了升级，包括办公套件：
LibreOffice is upgraded to version 25;
GNUcash is upgraded to 5.10;
这次发行包含了许多软件的更新，其中包括：
软件包 |
在 12 （bookworm） 中的版本 |
在 13 （trixie） 中的版本 |
|---|---|---|
Apache |
2.4.62 |
2.4.63 |
Bash |
5.2.15 |
5.2.37 |
BIND DNS 服务器 |
9.18 |
9.20 |
Cryptsetup |
2.6 |
2.7 |
Emacs |
28.2 |
30.1 |
Exim (default email server) |
4.96 |
4.98 |
GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (default compiler) |
12.2 |
14.2 |
GIMP |
2.10.34 |
3.0.2 |
GnuPG |
2.2.40 |
2.4.7 |
Inkscape |
1.2.2 |
1.4 |
GNU C 运行库 |
2.36 |
2.41 |
Linux kernel |
6.1 系列 |
6.12 series |
LLVM/Clang 工具链 |
13.0.1 和 14.0（默认）和 15.0.6 |
19 (default), 17 and 18 available |
MariaDB |
10.11 |
11.8 |
Nginx |
1.22 |
1.26 |
OpenJDK |
17 |
21 |
OpenLDAP |
2.5.13 |
2.6.9 |
OpenSSH |
9.2p1 |
10.0p1 |
OpenSSL |
3.0 |
3.4 |
Perl |
5.36 |
5.40 |
PHP |
8.2 |
8.4 |
Postfix |
3.7 |
3.10 |
PostgreSQL |
15 |
17 |
Python 3 |
3.11 |
3.13 |
Rustc |
1.63 |
1.85 |
Samba |
4.17 |
4.22 |
Systemd |
252 |
257 |
Vim |
9.0 |
9.1 |