2. Что нового в Debian 13

The Wiki has more information about this topic.

2.1. Поддерживаемые архитектуры

Список официально поддерживаемых архитектур для Debian 13:

  • 64-bit PC (amd64)

  • 64-битная ARM (arm64)

  • ARM EABI (armel)

  • ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf) (прим. пер.: hard-float — значит, что при вызове операций с плавающей точкой используются регистры с плавающей точкой, а не целочисленные регистры)

  • 64-битная little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el)

  • 64-bit little-endian RISC-V (riscv64)

  • IBM System z (s390x)

Additionally, on 64-bit PC systems, a partial 32-bit userland (i386) is available. Please see Reduced support for i386 for details.

Более подробную информацию о переносе на различные архитектуры и сведения, относящиеся к конкретным переносам, вы можете получить на странице переносов Debian.

2.2. Что нового в дистрибутиве?

2.2.1. Official support for riscv64

This release for the first time officially supports the riscv64 architecture, allowing users to run Debian on 64-bit RISC-V hardware and benefit from all Debian 13 features.

The Wiki provides more details about riscv64 support in Debian.

2.2.2. PAC/BTI support on arm64

trixie introduces two security features on the arm64 architecture known as Pointer Authentication (PAC) and Branch Target Identification (BTI). They are designed to mitigate Return-Oriented Programming exploits and Jump-Oriented Programming attacks respectively.

The features are enabled automatically if your hardware supports them. The Wiki has information on how to check if your processor supports PAC/BTI and how they work.

2.2.3. HTTP Boot Support

The Debian Installer and Debian Live Images can now be booted using «HTTP Boot» on supported UEFI and U-Boot firmware.

On systems using TianoCore firmware, enter the Device Manager menu, then choose Network Device List, select the network interface, HTTP Boot Configuration, and specify the full URL to the Debian ISO to boot.

For other firmware implementations, please see the documentation for your system’s hardware and/or the firmware documentation.

2.2.4. Рабочие столы и хорошо известные пакеты

This new release of Debian comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bookworm; the distribution includes over 11294 new packages, for a total of over 59551 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 42821 software packages (this is 72% of all packages in bookworm). Also, a significant number of packages (over 9519, 16% of the packages in bookworm) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as «obsolete» in package management front-ends; see Устаревшие пакеты.

Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, and Xfce 4.20.

Также были обновлены офисные приложения, включая следующие комплекты:

  • LibreOffice is upgraded to version 25;

  • GNUcash is upgraded to 5.10;

В этом выпуске, среди прочего, было обновлено следующее программное обеспечение:

Пакет

Версия в 12 (bookworm)

Версия в 13 (trixie)

Apache

2.4.62

2.4.63

Bash

5.2.15

5.2.37

BIND сервер DNS

9.18

9.20

Cryptsetup

2.6

2.7

Emacs

28.2

30.1

Exim (default email server)

4.96

4.98

GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (default compiler)

12.2

14.2

GIMP

2.10.34

3.0.2

GnuPG

2.2.40

2.4.7

Inkscape

1.2.2

1.4

библиотека языка C GNU

2.36

2.41

Linux kernel

ветка 6.1

6.12 series

набор инструментов LLVM/Clang

13.0.1, 14.0 (по умолчанию) и 15.0.6

19 (default), 17 and 18 available

MariaDB

10.11

11.8

Nginx

1.22

1.26

OpenJDK

17

21

OpenLDAP

2.5.13

2.6.9

OpenSSH

9.2p1

10.0p1

OpenSSL

3.0

3.4

Perl

5.36

5.40

PHP

8.2

8.4

Postfix

3.7

3.10

PostgreSQL

15

17

Python 3

3.11

3.13

Rustc

1.63

1.85

Samba

4.17

4.22

Systemd

252

257

Vim

9.0

9.1